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Background: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders that affect approximately 70 million people worldwide. We aimed to assess the changes in liver enzymes, kidney, and blood diagnostic markers in patients diagnosed with epilepsy admitted to the educational hospitals in Abadan and Khorramshahr. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective analytical study. The study population was the patients diagnosed with epilepsy admitted to the educational hospitals of Abadan University of Medical Sciences from March 21, 2019, to March 19, 2020. Demographic information including age, sex, and values of blood, liver, and kidney factors of patients was collected by referring to the HIS (Hospital Information System). Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: In this study, the mean FBS in all patients with epilepsy except 20-39 years was higher than normal. Also, the mean serum ALK level of these patients was higher than normal. The mean of Hb was lower in patients with epilepsy, and also decreased MCHC was common in all age groups except 40 years. The mean of ESR and CRP in all age groups was higher than normal. Conclusion: Decreased MCHC and Hb, elevated ESR, CRP, ALK, and blood glucose levels are common findings in patients with epilepsy. Thus, Hyperglycemia, Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), inflammation, and elevated ALK have important roles in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Keywords: epilepsy, liver enzymes, renal markers, hematological markers

Biomarkers in patients with symptomatic temporomandibular disorders Kousar Ramezani1 1Assistant professor of oral and maxillofacial radiology, dental school, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran kosar.ramezani@gmail.com • Background and objectives: Temopromandibular disorder (TMD) is one of the most prevalent causes of orofacial pains and a significant percentage of the population suffer from at least one of TMD symptoms. TMD diagnosis is still a challenge for the clinicians and requires descriptive history, comprehensive clinical examinations and imaging. The complex anatomy and function of temporomandibular joint, different pathologies that involves maxillofacial region resulting in pain and the complicated nature of pain make the need for more definitive diagnosis of TMD by new approaches more crucial. In symptomatic TMD conditions, the role of biomarkers is still vague. Identification of biomarkers related to symptomatic TMD may help in developing new methods for the diagnosis and even treatment of TMD. This review aims to find the potential relationship of biomarkers and painful TMD and categorize such biomarkers. • Methodology: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched from inception to May 2022. Articles were screened based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. • Results: 43 articles met the inclusion criteria. Serum, saliva, and synovial fluids were investigated to find related biomarkers with TMD. Five categories of associated biomarkers with TMD including molecular biomarkers, neurotransmitters, growth factors, epigenetic biomarkers and biochemical markers were identified. • Discussion and conclusion: Various biofluids and different biomarkers are investigated to identify the risk factors, progression and treatment outcomes of symptomatic TMD. Since still there is not a standard guideline for definitive TMD diagnosis, defining the related biomarkers to TMD in the domain of diagnosis would help clinicians to a more precise diagnosis and confident treatment. Besides, an important biofluid for biomarker assays is saliva that could be collected noninvasively. Moreover, biomarkers have the potential to diagnose TMD at the early stages when medical interventions are more efficient and noninvasive. The potential biomarkers are needed to be more explored on heterogenous and large-scale sample size populations to reach desirable reliability and practicality and the results could be generalized to the clinic. • Keywords: Biomarkers; Temporomandibular joint; Temporomandibular disorders; Chronic pain.

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I believe this conference will be an eye opener to the various application of potent biomarkers in tracing the spreading ability of the virus.

A brief overview of biomarker in cancer Abstract Cancer is one of the most prevalent life threatening diseases which is spreading because of the lifestyle we are living. Cancer is due to uncontrolled growth of cells which can be cured if diagnosed in early stage of life. There are three major treatment of cancer namely: Surgery, Chemotherapy & Radiotherapy. In the Nanakali Hospital for Oncology & Hematology Diseases which located in Erbil & Zhyanawa Center for Radiotherapy treatment which located in Sulaymaniyah, we researched about two cases, 42 Y male, 40 Y Female, with nasopharyngeal cancer, differentiated type, not poorly differentiated type, & the second case with Breast cancer. We realized that PET scan is more useful for determining the stage of cancer than CT scan. Treatment of cancer depends on the various internal and external factors. Cancer is screened by different screening test and a number of treatments are now available these days such as immunotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy. For a diagnosis and treatment program to be effective, researchers & Scientists must be continuing their academic & scientific research. When more resources become available, the program can be extended to include rare cancers as well as cancers for which survival is poor as of now. Comprehensive cancer center with all diagnostic, therapeutic and research facility is the need of the hour.

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